Efficient performance - a reality check

Flashback to 2017 when Nynas did a real life tyre test, comparing Group I paraffinic base oil derivatives TDAE and RAE with naphthenic oils. As the base oil industry is increasingly moving away from Group I production, this test is more relevant than ever. The results showed that naphthenic oils are an excellent solution to formulate high performance tyre compounds – now with the extra benefit of future supply security.

Conclusion

The tyre test programme confirmed that naphthenic oils can improve rolling resistance and traction without compromising any other tyre property. The performance of naphthenic tyre oils for winter tyres was shown to be superior in comparison with other tested oils, especially RAE. Car manufacturers are putting pressure on tyre companies to reduce rolling resistance to meet their own CO2 reduction targets. Naphthenic oil provides tyre compounders with an excellent tool to improve performance.

Tyre performance is often predicted by carrying out laboratory-scale rubber compounding studies. Traction, tread wear and rolling resistance are then evaluated. Tyres, however, are complex, and tread compound is only one of the factors influencing tyre behaviour – there is no perfect correlation between lab studies and tyre tests.

Numerous lab studies carried out by Nynas, a global supplier of tyre oils, indicate that naphthenic oils can reduce rolling resistance. “Most common tyre polymers, such as NR, BR and SBR, have a medium polarity and therefore show a very high compatibility with naphthenic tyre oils. This, combined with the somewhat lower glass transition temperature (Tg ) of naphthenic tyre oils, makes for an excellent balance of properties, especially for winter tyres.

To verify the correlation between laboratory and field tests, Nynas launched an extensive tyre testing programme. FSSBR/silica-based tread compounds were prepared using four different tyre oils: naphthenic black oil (NYTEX® 4700), heavy naphthenic oil (NYTEX® 840) and Group I refining sidestream derivatives TDAE and RAE. These were then used in retreading: carefully selected tyre carcasses were retreaded in collaboration with Kraiburg Austria. Performance was then evaluated in tyre tests.

Wet traction

Wet traction and rolling resistance tests were carried out by Prüflabor Nord. They followed UNECE Regulation No. 117, which is used in determining European tyre label ratings. Essentially the same regulation is used in other countries with tyre labels such as Japan, Korea, Brazil and soon also China.

In a typical dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) of tyre compounds, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of oil affects rubber behaviour. Higher oil Tg often leads to higher tan delta at 0°C. This in turn is the most common wet traction indicator: the higher the tan delta, allegedly the better the traction. Aromatic oil (DAE) and RAE with higher Tg typically yield 5-15% higher tan delta than other tyre oils such as TDAE and naphthenic oils. Correlation of tan delta with traction, however, is not perfect.

Wet traction results are presented in the chart below. Tyres were compared with a 16” Uniroyal reference tyre (SRTT), and breaking results were indexed. It was found that the four tyre specifications tested yielded very similar indexes. Considering the deviation in the test, wet traction of each tyre specification was equal. Although the RAE compound had 10% higher tan delta, it did not result in better traction.

Rolling resistance

Reducing rolling resistance leads to an improvement in a vehicle’s fuel efficiency. In rubber compounding, the property that best correlates with rolling resistance is tan delta at 50…70°C. Compared with wet traction, the correlation of tan delta with rolling resistance is typically a lot better.

Again, rolling resistance was determined following the ECE R.117. It was found that all tyres tested yielded the label rating C. There was, however, a difference between different specifications. The best oil in the test, the naphthenic black oil NYTEX 4700, yielded 5% lower rolling resistance than TDAE. As in the lab studies mentioned earlier, naphthenic oil improved fuel economy without affecting traction.

One can naturally discuss whether the 5% improvement is significant. An experienced rubber compounder will surely acknowledge that to achieve the best tyre label ratings, several compounds and several raw materials need to be developed. Naphthenic oils offer an excellent additional tool for rolling resistance reduction.

Tyre testing in winter conditions

Winter traction of tread rubber can be estimated by looking at a few commonly accepted parameters. Requirements differ remarkably from summer tyres: compound needs to remain soft and flexible in the cold. The most common indicator is tan delta at -25°C; yet its correlation with tyre test results is not good. Far better correlation is found between dynamic stiffness and traction. The lower the stiffness in the cold, the better the traction. Many of the world’s leading winter tyres are thus augmented with naphthenic oils, which keep the rubber soft in cold weather.

The braking distance of tyres was tested on snow and ice by Test World. Braking performance is indexed using NYTEX 4700 as a reference tyre. As expected, high stiffness of the RAE compound led to longer braking distances on ice and snow. Three other oils exhibited the same traction on snow. In the ice braking test, however, there were larger differences: naphthenic oils and especially NYTEX 840 performed very well. RAE was 6% worse than NYTEX 840 – braking distance (20 km/h to 5 km/h) was 70 cm shorter with NYTEX 840. If the speed, however, was e.g. 50…60 km/h, the difference would be several metres, and better performance might save lives.

Testing of wear resistance

The four tyre specifications were also tested for mileage: they were mounted on taxis in Austria and Germany, and tread wear was monitored. As the tyres were mounted on different types of cars, the testing can’t provide perfect accuracy, but it should reveal any serious issues with wear resistance. When the average mileage was extrapolated to 3 mm tread depth, all tyres yielded 35000 km +/- 2000 km.

Further reading

A winning recipe for winter tyres

Offering excellent low temperature performance as winter tyre plasticisers, Nynas NYTEX® oils, including the new bio-based tyre oil NYTEX® BIO 6200, prove perfect for a growing, but demanding market.

Bio tyre oil brings added benefits

Nynas’ first bio-based tyre oil offers tyre manufacturers the opportunity to combine their sustainability targets with performance advantages.

Increased Sustainability: Tyre Rubbers with Raw Materials from Renewable Resources

Tyre industry’s strive to reach higher levels of sustainability has been gaining strength in the past recent years, which among other things is reflected in the explicit sustainability targets communicated from several producers. The solution is multifaceted, one of the routes to stand up to the challenge has been the introduction of alternative raw materials for the production of tyres.

THERE IS MORE TO US THAN THIS

We are delighted you are interested in our products. If you have any questions about our products and services, get in touch with your local Nynas contact. Besides top quality oils, we offer a wide range of services, including rapid delivery worldwide, training, seminars and much more. All you have to do is ask.

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 Marcela Tocelis

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David Barnett

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David Barnett

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Customer Service Coordinator

David Barnett

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General Manager

 Samantha Moodley

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Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

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Customer Service Coordinator

 Thorsten Wolff

Thorsten Wolff

General Manager Germany & Austria

Lars Fischer

Lars Fischer

Sales Executive Process Oils

 Elena Campmann

Elena Campmann

Customer Service Specialist – Global Processes and Development Lead

Selina Walther

Selina Walther

Customer Service Coordinator

Michelle Krämer

Michelle Krämer

Customer Service Coordinator

David Barnett

David Barnett

General Manager

 Samantha Moodley

Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

 Ovidiu Nan

Ovidiu Nan

General Manager

Sabine Langmuller

Sabine Langmuller

Customer Service Coordinator

 Henrik Marits

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Sales Manager

Viktor Risendal

Sales Executive Nordic

Margita Thorén

Customer Service Coordinator

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Lawrence Teo

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Regional Director

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Customer Service Coordinator

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Global Customer Service Specialist & Project lead

 Sameen Kadli

Sameen Kadli

Sales Manager

Shoeb Ahmed

Shoeb Ahmed

Customer Service Coordinator

 Sibala Libish Kumar

Sibala Libish Kumar

Global Customer Service Specialist & Project lead

 Ovidiu Nan

Ovidiu Nan

General Manager

Sabine Langmuller

Sabine Langmuller

Customer Service Coordinator

Daniele Frustagli

General Manager

Lawrence Teo

Lawrence Teo

Area Sales Manager

 Georgina Ng

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Customer Service Executive

Alistair Meyer

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Regional Director

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Sales Manager

Shoeb Ahmed

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Customer Service Coordinator

 Sibala Libish Kumar

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Global Customer Service Specialist & Project lead

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General Manager

 Samantha Moodley

Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

 Sameen Kadli

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Sales Manager

Shoeb Ahmed

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Customer Service Coordinator

 Sibala Libish Kumar

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Global Customer Service Specialist & Project lead

Lawrence Teo

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Area Sales Manager

 Georgina Ng

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Customer Service Executive

Alistair Meyer

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Regional Director

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Sales Manager

Viktor Risendal

Sales Executive Nordic

Margita Thorén

Customer Service Coordinator

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Global Customer Service Specialist & Project lead

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General Manager

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Customer Service Executive

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Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

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Margita Thorén

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David Barnett

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Samantha Moodley

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Lee Anne Williams

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David Barnett

David Barnett

General Manager

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Sales Manager, Bitumen Western Europe

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Regional Director

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Margita Thorén

Customer Service Coordinator

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Sameen Kadli

Sales Manager

Shoeb Ahmed

Shoeb Ahmed

Customer Service Coordinator

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Sibala Libish Kumar

Global Customer Service Specialist & Project lead

 Sameen Kadli

Sameen Kadli

Sales Manager

Shoeb Ahmed

Shoeb Ahmed

Customer Service Coordinator

 Sibala Libish Kumar

Sibala Libish Kumar

Global Customer Service Specialist & Project lead

 Marcela Tocelis

Marcela Tocelis

Sales Manager / Acting General Manager

Lawrence Teo

Lawrence Teo

Area Sales Manager

 Georgina Ng

Georgina Ng

Customer Service Executive

Alistair Meyer

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Regional Director

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Marcela Tocelis

Sales Manager / Acting General Manager

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Marcela Tocelis

Sales Manager / Acting General Manager

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Area Sales Manager

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Customer Service Executive

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Sales Manager

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Customer Service Coordinator

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Global Customer Service Specialist & Project lead

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Customer Service Executive

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Customer Service Coordinator

David Barnett

David Barnett

General Manager

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Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

 Sameen Kadli

Sameen Kadli

Sales Manager

Shoeb Ahmed

Shoeb Ahmed

Customer Service Coordinator

 Sibala Libish Kumar

Sibala Libish Kumar

Global Customer Service Specialist & Project lead

David Barnett

David Barnett

General Manager

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Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

Daniele Frustagli

General Manager

David Barnett

David Barnett

General Manager

 Samantha Moodley

Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

David Barnett

David Barnett

General Manager

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Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

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Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

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Customer Service Executive

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Regional Director

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General Manager

Sabine Langmuller

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Customer Service Coordinator

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Ovidiu Nan

General Manager

Sabine Langmuller

Sabine Langmuller

Customer Service Coordinator

David Barnett

David Barnett

General Manager

 Samantha Moodley

Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

David Barnett

David Barnett

General Manager

 Samantha Moodley

Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

Lawrence Teo

Lawrence Teo

Area Sales Manager

 Georgina Ng

Georgina Ng

Customer Service Executive

Alistair Meyer

Alistair Meyer

Regional Director

Lawrence Teo

Lawrence Teo

Area Sales Manager

 Georgina Ng

Georgina Ng

Customer Service Executive

Alistair Meyer

Alistair Meyer

Regional Director

 Myriam Picado

Myriam Picado

General Manager / Sales Manager

 Juan Jiménez

Juan Jiménez

Sales Executive

 Jose Luis Maceda

Jose Luis Maceda

Customer Service Coordinator

 Gloria Villaverde Parrado

Gloria Villaverde Parrado

Customer Service Executive

Lawrence Teo

Lawrence Teo

Area Sales Manager

 Georgina Ng

Georgina Ng

Customer Service Executive

Alistair Meyer

Alistair Meyer

Regional Director

 Sameen Kadli

Sameen Kadli

Sales Manager

Shoeb Ahmed

Shoeb Ahmed

Customer Service Coordinator

 Sibala Libish Kumar

Sibala Libish Kumar

Global Customer Service Specialist & Project lead

 Marcela Tocelis

Marcela Tocelis

Sales Manager / Acting General Manager

David Barnett

David Barnett

General Manager

 Samantha Moodley

Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

 Henrik Marits

Henrik Marits

Sales Manager

Viktor Risendal

Sales Executive Nordic

Margita Thorén

Customer Service Coordinator

Eric Alfosea

Eric Alfosea

Sales Manager France

 Stéphanie Ly

Stéphanie Ly

Customer Service Executive

 Christine Le Garrec

Christine Le Garrec

Customer Service Coordinator

Sheilo Mienandi

Sheilo Mienandi

Customer Service Coordinator

 Sameen Kadli

Sameen Kadli

Sales Manager

Shoeb Ahmed

Shoeb Ahmed

Customer Service Coordinator

 Sibala Libish Kumar

Sibala Libish Kumar

Global Customer Service Specialist & Project lead

Lawrence Teo

Lawrence Teo

Area Sales Manager

 Georgina Ng

Georgina Ng

Customer Service Executive

Alistair Meyer

Alistair Meyer

Regional Director

David Barnett

David Barnett

General Manager

 Samantha Moodley

Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

Lawrence Teo

Lawrence Teo

Area Sales Manager

 Georgina Ng

Georgina Ng

Customer Service Executive

Alistair Meyer

Alistair Meyer

Regional Director

David Barnett

David Barnett

General Manager

 Samantha Moodley

Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

 Marcela Tocelis

Marcela Tocelis

Sales Manager / Acting General Manager

Eric Alfosea

Eric Alfosea

Sales Manager France

 Stéphanie Ly

Stéphanie Ly

Customer Service Executive

 Christine Le Garrec

Christine Le Garrec

Customer Service Coordinator

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Sheilo Mienandi

Customer Service Coordinator

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Emil Cuculayef

Sales Manager

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Banu Kibar

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Cagatay Gürol

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David Barnett

General Manager

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Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

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Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

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Sameen Kadli

Sales Manager

Shoeb Ahmed

Shoeb Ahmed

Customer Service Coordinator

 Sibala Libish Kumar

Sibala Libish Kumar

Global Customer Service Specialist & Project lead

 Marcela Tocelis

Marcela Tocelis

Sales Manager / Acting General Manager

 Marcela Tocelis

Marcela Tocelis

Sales Manager / Acting General Manager

 Marcela Tocelis

Marcela Tocelis

Sales Manager / Acting General Manager

Lawrence Teo

Lawrence Teo

Area Sales Manager

 Georgina Ng

Georgina Ng

Customer Service Executive

Alistair Meyer

Alistair Meyer

Regional Director

David Barnett

David Barnett

General Manager

 Samantha Moodley

Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

David Barnett

David Barnett

General Manager

 Samantha Moodley

Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator