Solving a transformer leak mystery

Retro-filling with gas-to-liquids (GTL) oil might cause problems with leaks in transformers previously filled with naphthenic oil. That is what Nynas scientists found when conducting an investigative study following customer reports about transformer leaks.

Robert Fairholm

Development Engineer
Nynas AB

Robert has a BSc Honours degree in molecular science from Liverpool John Moores University and has previously worked for Bookham Technology (now Oclaro) and Cranfield University. He joined Nynas in 2007.

“We were made aware of reports from customers that they had experienced significant leaks when retro-filling transformers with GTL,” says Robert Fairholm, Development Engineer at Nynas Naphthenics section for Electrical Industry Technical Development and Market Support.

Despite assurances from the manufacturer that the compatibility between GTL fluids and typical sealants used in transformers was not an issue, Nynas decided to dig a little deeper.

“We thought it might be worth taking a closer look at the the performance of different transformer oils to see if we could identify what had caused the leaks,” he says.

As nitrile rubber (NBR) is the most commonly used elastomer material in transformers, a comparative study was devised in which four different NBR based elastomers were immersed in either GTL or one of Nynas naphthenic transformer oils, NYTRO® 10XN. The study showed that the naphthenic oil resulted in a higher degree of elastomer swelling than the GTL oil.

“There was a significant difference in swelling between NBR test pieces treated with GTL and those treated with naphthenic oil. The volume change was far greater in the pieces that had been placed in naphthenic oil.”

However, as none of the elastomers shrank after treatment with GTL, the oil’s poorer swelling performance was not in itself enough to explain the leaks. To reflect the fact that the leaking transformers had previously been filled with naphthenic transformer oil, the investigation continued with the test pieces originally treated with naphthenic oil then being placed in GTL oil.

“All the different NBR materials shrank when the elastomer was first equilibrated with the naphthenic oil and then with GTL. This phenomenon would explain the leaks experienced by some customers, in particular if, following retro-filling with GTL, bolted joints are not tightened correctly or in cases where sufficient tightening is not possible due to imperfectly fitting joints,” says Fairholm.

Significantly Superior Swelling

Test pieces of four different NBR based elastomers were cut into squares of around 30mm, and placed in beakers containing two different test oils, GTL and a naphthenic oil (NYTRO® 10XN).

The mass, density and hardness properties of each elastomer piece were measured before and after these were immersed in oil, in an experimental setup based on the standard test method ASTM D3455. Some elastomer test pieces were also tested and measured after first being equilibrated with NYTRO 10XN and then with GTL (10XN then GTL).

The results demonstrate the superior swelling achieved with the naphthenic oil. The shrinkage of elastomers first equilibrated with NYTRO 10NX and then GTL is also clearly evidenced, providing an explanation for leak issues following retro-filling.

Further reading

Innovative new transformer fluid

Nynas recently launched a game-changing product – its second bio-based oil – within the power transformer space. NYTRO® BIO 300X is designed to meet the increased environmental awareness and rising pressure on electricity networks.

Extreme tension demands superior oil

What makes an oil suitable for use in ultra-high voltage electrical equipment? Having the superior properties associated with the Super Grade is essential. Jayme Nunes explains why.

Transformer oil test rig: Tracing thermal faults

At Nynas, the developers of transformer liquids have a new R&D tool – a functional bench-top test rig in which they can mimic the conditions of thermal faults. Simulated performance testing is enabling quicker, easier and more cost-effective evaluation of novel insulating fluids.

THERE IS MORE TO US THAN THIS

We are delighted you are interested in our products. If you have any questions about our products and services, get in touch with your local Nynas contact. Besides top quality oils, we offer a wide range of services, including rapid delivery worldwide, training, seminars and much more. All you have to do is ask.

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Customer Service Coordinator

Sheilo Mienandi

Sheilo Mienandi

Customer Service Coordinator

Emil Cuculayef

Emil Cuculayef

Sales Manager

 Banu Kibar

Banu Kibar

Customer Service Executive

Cagatay Gürol

Cagatay Gürol

Customer Service Coordinator

David Barnett

David Barnett

General Manager

 Samantha Moodley

Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

 Sameen Kadli

Sameen Kadli

Sales Manager

Shoeb Ahmed

Shoeb Ahmed

Customer Service Coordinator

 Sibala Libish Kumar

Sibala Libish Kumar

Global Customer Service Specialist & Project lead

 Marcela Tocelis

Marcela Tocelis

Sales Manager / Acting General Manager

 Martin Vergara

Martin Vergara

Customer Service Executive

 Juan Pablo Pace

Juan Pablo Pace

Customer Service Coordinator

 Marcela Tocelis

Marcela Tocelis

Sales Manager / Acting General Manager

 Marcela Tocelis

Marcela Tocelis

Sales Manager / Acting General Manager

 Martin Vergara

Martin Vergara

Customer Service Executive

 Juan Pablo Pace

Juan Pablo Pace

Customer Service Coordinator

Lawrence Teo

Lawrence Teo

Area Sales Manager

 Georgina Ng

Georgina Ng

Customer Service Executive

Alistair Meyer

Alistair Meyer

Regional Director

David Barnett

David Barnett

General Manager

 Samantha Moodley

Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

David Barnett

David Barnett

General Manager

 Samantha Moodley

Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator